Station Overview Station Location
Station Number GA-SV-5 Latitude 32.58226667
Station Name Newington 0.5 SSE Longitude -81.50316667
County Screven Elevation (ft) 140



Month 30 Yr Avg by PRISM Total Prcp Sum Days Covered By All Observations Daily Prcp Sum Daily Observation Count Multiday Prcp Sum Days Covered by Multiday Observations Multiday Observation Count Days With Prcp Days With Trace Total Snowfall Days With Snowfall Days With Snow On Ground
Oct 15 2.94 6.05 31 6.05 31 0.00 0 0 11 1 0.0 0 0
Nov 15 2.83 6.58 30 6.58 30 0.00 0 0 13 0 0.0 0 0
Dec 15 3.38 4.29 31 4.29 31 0.00 0 0 9 2 0.0 0 0
Jan 16 4.34 3.85 31 3.85 31 0.00 0 0 9 3 0.0 0 0
Feb 16 3.45 5.74 29 5.74 29 0.00 0 0 7 0 0.0 0 0
March 16 3.97 2.77 21 2.77 21 0.00 0 0 9 1 0.0 0 0
April 16 2.93 1.69 9 1.69 9 0.00 0 0 7 1 0.0 0 0
May 16 2.86 14.34 10 14.34 10 0.00 0 0 9 0 0.0 0 0
June 16 5.37 5.26 9 5.26 9 0.00 0 0 9 0 0.0 0 0
July 16 5.22 2.26 12 2.26 12 0.00 0 0 7 0 0.0 0 0
Aug 16 5.62 5.61 9 5.61 9 0.00 0 0 8 0 0.0 0 0
Sept 16 3.91 10.07 10 10.07 10 0.00 0 0 9 0 0.0 0 0
Water Year Totals: 46.82" 68.51" 232 days 68.51" 232 0.00" 0 days 0 107 days 8 days 0.0" 0 days 0 days



Days in Water Year Cell Color Key
        Daily Observation with Prcp         Missing Day
        Multiday Observation         Daily/Multiday Observation Conflict

Day of Year Daily Prcp Multiday Prcp
10/1/2015 0.03
10/2/2015 0.00
10/3/2015 0.09
10/4/2015 1.98
10/5/2015 2.48
10/6/2015 0.04
10/7/2015 0.00
10/8/2015 0.00
10/9/2015 0.00
10/10/2015 0.00
10/11/2015 0.64
10/12/2015 0.07
10/13/2015 0.00
10/14/2015 0.00
10/15/2015 0.00
10/16/2015 0.00
10/17/2015 0.00
10/18/2015 0.00
10/19/2015 0.00
10/20/2015 0.00
10/21/2015 0.00
10/22/2015 0.00
10/23/2015 0.00
10/24/2015 0.00
10/25/2015 0.00
10/26/2015 T
10/27/2015 0.13
10/28/2015 0.52
10/29/2015 0.02
10/30/2015 0.05
10/31/2015 0.00
11/1/2015 0.00
11/2/2015 0.91
11/3/2015 2.07
11/4/2015 0.98
11/5/2015 0.02
11/6/2015 0.00
11/7/2015 0.00
11/8/2015 0.15
11/9/2015 1.21
11/10/2015 0.39
11/11/2015 0.02
11/12/2015 0.00
11/13/2015 0.00
11/14/2015 0.00
11/15/2015 0.00
11/16/2015 0.00
11/17/2015 0.00
11/18/2015 0.17
11/19/2015 0.24
11/20/2015 0.03
11/21/2015 0.00
11/22/2015 0.28
11/23/2015 0.11
11/24/2015 0.00
11/25/2015 0.00
11/26/2015 0.00
11/27/2015 0.00
11/28/2015 0.00
11/29/2015 0.00
11/30/2015 0.00
12/1/2015 0.00
12/2/2015 0.00
12/3/2015 1.98
12/4/2015 0.00
12/5/2015 0.00
12/6/2015 0.00
12/7/2015 T
12/8/2015 0.00
12/9/2015 0.00
12/10/2015 0.00
12/11/2015 0.00
12/12/2015 0.00
12/13/2015 0.00
12/14/2015 0.00
12/15/2015 0.19
12/16/2015 0.00
12/17/2015 0.00
12/18/2015 0.38
12/19/2015 0.00
12/20/2015 0.00
12/21/2015 0.00
12/22/2015 0.02
12/23/2015 0.98
12/24/2015 0.32
12/25/2015 0.00
12/26/2015 0.00
12/27/2015 0.00
12/28/2015 T
12/29/2015 0.05
12/30/2015 0.06
12/31/2015 0.31
Day of YearDaily PrcpMultiday Prcp
1/1/2016 0.96
1/2/2016 0.04
1/3/2016 0.00
1/4/2016 0.00
1/5/2016 0.00
1/6/2016 0.00
1/7/2016 0.00
1/8/2016 0.13
1/9/2016 T
1/10/2016 T
1/11/2016 0.00
1/12/2016 0.00
1/13/2016 0.00
1/14/2016 0.00
1/15/2016 0.11
1/16/2016 0.89
1/17/2016 0.05
1/18/2016 0.00
1/19/2016 0.00
1/20/2016 0.00
1/21/2016 T
1/22/2016 0.00
1/23/2016 0.93
1/24/2016 0.00
1/25/2016 0.00
1/26/2016 0.00
1/27/2016 0.00
1/28/2016 0.07
1/29/2016 0.67
1/30/2016 0.00
1/31/2016 0.00
2/1/2016 0.00
2/2/2016 0.00
2/3/2016 0.00
2/4/2016 3.91
2/5/2016 0.51
2/6/2016 0.00
2/7/2016 0.50
2/8/2016 0.00
2/9/2016 0.06
2/10/2016 0.00
2/11/2016 0.00
2/12/2016 0.00
2/13/2016 0.00
2/14/2016 0.00
2/15/2016 0.00
2/16/2016 0.00
2/17/2016 0.00
2/18/2016 0.00
2/19/2016 0.00
2/20/2016 0.00
2/21/2016 0.00
2/22/2016 0.00
2/23/2016 0.10
2/24/2016 0.65
2/25/2016 0.01
2/26/2016 0.00
2/27/2016 0.00
2/28/2016 0.00
2/29/2016 0.00
3/1/2016 0.00
3/2/2016 0.06
3/3/2016 0.00
3/4/2016 0.62
3/5/2016 0.00
3/6/2016
3/7/2016
3/8/2016
3/9/2016
3/10/2016
3/11/2016
3/12/2016
3/13/2016 0.02
3/14/2016 T
3/15/2016 0.00
3/16/2016 0.00
3/17/2016 0.00
3/18/2016 0.48
3/19/2016 0.00
3/20/2016 0.03
3/21/2016 0.00
3/22/2016 0.00
3/23/2016 0.00
3/24/2016 0.00
3/25/2016 0.01
3/26/2016 0.05
3/27/2016 0.52
3/28/2016 0.98
3/29/2016
3/30/2016
3/31/2016
Day of YearDaily PrcpMultiday Prcp
4/1/2016
4/2/2016 1.00
4/3/2016
4/4/2016
4/5/2016
4/6/2016
4/7/2016 0.30
4/8/2016
4/9/2016
4/10/2016
4/11/2016
4/12/2016 0.14
4/13/2016 0.13
4/14/2016
4/15/2016
4/16/2016 0.06
4/17/2016
4/18/2016 0.00
4/19/2016
4/20/2016
4/21/2016
4/22/2016 0.04
4/23/2016 0.02
4/24/2016
4/25/2016
4/26/2016
4/27/2016
4/28/2016 T
4/29/2016
4/30/2016
5/1/2016
5/2/2016 2.08
5/3/2016 0.88
5/4/2016 0.87
5/5/2016
5/6/2016
5/7/2016
5/8/2016
5/9/2016
5/10/2016
5/11/2016
5/12/2016
5/13/2016 0.42
5/14/2016
5/15/2016
5/16/2016
5/17/2016
5/18/2016 1.28
5/19/2016 0.00
5/20/2016 0.30
5/21/2016 3.59
5/22/2016
5/23/2016
5/24/2016
5/25/2016
5/26/2016
5/27/2016
5/28/2016
5/29/2016 3.35
5/30/2016 1.57
5/31/2016
6/1/2016
6/2/2016
6/3/2016
6/4/2016
6/5/2016 1.34
6/6/2016 0.32
6/7/2016 2.03
6/8/2016
6/9/2016
6/10/2016
6/11/2016
6/12/2016
6/13/2016
6/14/2016
6/15/2016 0.51
6/16/2016 0.11
6/17/2016
6/18/2016 0.56
6/19/2016 0.13
6/20/2016
6/21/2016
6/22/2016
6/23/2016
6/24/2016
6/25/2016
6/26/2016
6/27/2016
6/28/2016
6/29/2016 0.21
6/30/2016 0.05
Day of YearDaily PrcpMultiday Prcp
7/1/2016 0.32
7/2/2016 0.00
7/3/2016 0.00
7/4/2016 0.00
7/5/2016 0.00
7/6/2016 0.00
7/7/2016 0.26
7/8/2016
7/9/2016
7/10/2016 0.05
7/11/2016
7/12/2016
7/13/2016
7/14/2016
7/15/2016
7/16/2016 0.19
7/17/2016 1.27
7/18/2016
7/19/2016
7/20/2016
7/21/2016 0.01
7/22/2016
7/23/2016
7/24/2016
7/25/2016
7/26/2016
7/27/2016
7/28/2016
7/29/2016
7/30/2016
7/31/2016 0.16
8/1/2016
8/2/2016 1.13
8/3/2016
8/4/2016 0.08
8/5/2016 2.78
8/6/2016
8/7/2016
8/8/2016
8/9/2016 0.24
8/10/2016 0.04
8/11/2016
8/12/2016
8/13/2016
8/14/2016
8/15/2016
8/16/2016 0.36
8/17/2016
8/18/2016
8/19/2016 0.95
8/20/2016
8/21/2016
8/22/2016 0.03
8/23/2016 0.00
8/24/2016
8/25/2016
8/26/2016
8/27/2016
8/28/2016
8/29/2016
8/30/2016
8/31/2016
9/1/2016 0.07
9/2/2016 2.18
9/3/2016 3.05
9/4/2016
9/5/2016
9/6/2016
9/7/2016
9/8/2016
9/9/2016
9/10/2016
9/11/2016
9/12/2016 2.33
9/13/2016 1.41
9/14/2016 0.58
9/15/2016 0.03
9/16/2016
9/17/2016
9/18/2016
9/19/2016
9/20/2016
9/21/2016
9/22/2016 0.11
9/23/2016
9/24/2016 0.00
9/25/2016
9/26/2016
9/27/2016
9/28/2016
9/29/2016
9/30/2016 0.31



Observation Date Observation Time Precipitation Snowfall Snowfall SWE Snow Depth Snow SWE Notes
10/1/2015 7:00 AM 0.03 M M M M
10/2/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
10/3/2015 7:30 AM 0.09 M M M M
10/4/2015 7:00 AM 1.98 M M M M
10/5/2015 6:00 AM 2.48 M M M M
10/6/2015 6:00 AM 0.04 M M M M
10/7/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
10/8/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
10/9/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
10/10/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
10/11/2015 7:00 AM 0.64 M M M M
10/12/2015 7:00 AM 0.07 M M M M
10/13/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
10/14/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
10/15/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
10/16/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
10/17/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
10/18/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
10/19/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
10/20/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
10/21/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
10/22/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
10/23/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
10/24/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
10/25/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
10/26/2015 7:00 AM T M M M M
10/27/2015 7:30 AM 0.13 M M M M
10/28/2015 8:00 AM 0.52 M M M M
10/29/2015 7:00 AM 0.02 M M M M
10/30/2015 7:00 AM 0.05 M M M M
10/31/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
11/1/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
11/2/2015 7:00 AM 0.91 M M M M
11/3/2015 6:30 AM 2.07 M M M M
11/4/2015 5:30 AM 0.98 M M M M
11/5/2015 6:30 AM 0.02 M M M M
11/6/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
11/7/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
11/8/2015 8:00 AM 0.15 M M M M
11/9/2015 6:30 AM 1.21 M M M M
11/10/2015 6:45 AM 0.39 M M M M
11/11/2015 7:00 AM 0.02 M M M M
11/12/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
11/13/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
11/14/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
11/15/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
11/16/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
11/17/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
11/18/2015 7:00 AM 0.17 M M M M
11/19/2015 6:30 AM 0.24 M M M M
11/20/2015 7:30 AM 0.03 M M M M
11/21/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
11/22/2015 6:45 AM 0.28 M M M M
11/23/2015 7:00 AM 0.11 M M M M
11/24/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
11/25/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
11/26/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
11/27/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
11/28/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
11/29/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
11/30/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
12/1/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
12/2/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
12/3/2015 7:00 AM 1.98 M M M M
12/4/2015 6:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
12/5/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
12/6/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
12/7/2015 7:00 AM T 0.0 M M M
12/8/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
12/9/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
12/10/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
12/11/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
12/12/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
12/13/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
12/14/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
12/15/2015 7:00 AM 0.19 M M M M
12/16/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
12/17/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
12/18/2015 8:00 AM 0.38 M M M M
12/19/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
12/20/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
12/21/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
12/22/2015 7:00 AM 0.02 M M M M
12/23/2015 7:00 AM 0.98 M M M M
12/24/2015 7:00 AM 0.32 M M M M
12/25/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
12/26/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
12/27/2015 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
12/28/2015 7:00 AM T M M M M
12/29/2015 6:00 AM 0.05 M M M M
12/30/2015 7:00 AM 0.06 M M M M
12/31/2015 7:00 AM 0.31 M M M M
1/1/2016 7:00 AM 0.96 M M M M
1/2/2016 7:00 AM 0.04 M M M M
1/3/2016 6:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
1/4/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
1/5/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
1/6/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
1/7/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
1/8/2016 7:00 AM 0.13 M M M M
1/9/2016 8:00 AM T 0.0 M M M
1/10/2016 7:00 AM T M M M M
1/11/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
1/12/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
1/13/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
1/14/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
1/15/2016 8:00 AM 0.11 M M M M
1/16/2016 7:00 AM 0.89 M M M M
1/17/2016 7:00 AM 0.05 M M M M
1/18/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
1/19/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
1/20/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
1/21/2016 7:00 AM T M M M M
1/22/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
1/23/2016 7:00 AM 0.93 M M M M
1/24/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
1/25/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
1/26/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
1/27/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
1/28/2016 7:00 AM 0.07 M M M M
1/29/2016 7:00 AM 0.67 M M M M
1/30/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
1/31/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/1/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/2/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/3/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/4/2016 7:30 AM 3.91 M M M M
2/5/2016 7:00 AM 0.51 M M M M
2/6/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/7/2016 7:00 AM 0.50 M M M M
2/8/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/9/2016 7:00 AM 0.06 M M M M
2/10/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/11/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/12/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/13/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/14/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/15/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/16/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/17/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/18/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/19/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/20/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/21/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/22/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/23/2016 7:00 AM 0.10 M M M M
2/24/2016 7:30 AM 0.65 M M M M
2/25/2016 7:00 AM 0.01 M M M M
2/26/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/27/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/28/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
2/29/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
3/1/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
3/2/2016 7:00 AM 0.06 M M M M
3/3/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
3/4/2016 7:00 AM 0.62 M M M M
3/5/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
3/13/2016 7:00 AM 0.02 M M M M
3/14/2016 7:00 AM T M M M M
3/15/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
3/16/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
3/17/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
3/18/2016 7:00 AM 0.48 M M M M
3/19/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
3/20/2016 7:00 AM 0.03 M M M M
3/21/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
3/22/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
3/23/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
3/24/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
3/25/2016 7:00 AM 0.01 M M M M
3/26/2016 8:00 AM 0.05 M M M M
3/27/2016 7:00 AM 0.52 M M M M
3/28/2016 7:00 AM 0.98 M M M M
4/2/2016 8:30 AM 1.00 M M M M
4/7/2016 7:00 AM 0.30 M M M M
4/12/2016 7:00 AM 0.14 M M M M
4/13/2016 7:00 AM 0.13 M M M M
4/16/2016 7:00 AM 0.06 M M M M
4/18/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
4/22/2016 7:00 AM 0.04 M M M M
4/23/2016 7:00 AM 0.02 M M M M
4/28/2016 7:00 AM T M M M M
5/2/2016 7:00 AM 2.08 M M M M
5/3/2016 6:30 AM 0.88 M M M M
5/4/2016 7:00 AM 0.87 M M M M
5/13/2016 7:00 AM 0.42 M M M M
5/18/2016 7:00 AM 1.28 M M M M
5/19/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
5/20/2016 7:00 AM 0.30 M M M M
5/21/2016 7:00 AM 3.59 M M M M
5/29/2016 9:00 AM 3.35 M M M M
5/30/2016 7:00 AM 1.57 M M M M
6/5/2016 8:00 AM 1.34 M M M M
6/6/2016 8:00 AM 0.32 M M M M
6/7/2016 6:30 AM 2.03 M M M M
6/15/2016 7:00 AM 0.51 M M M M
6/16/2016 7:00 AM 0.11 M M M M
6/18/2016 7:00 AM 0.56 M M M M
6/19/2016 7:00 AM 0.13 M M M M
6/29/2016 7:00 AM 0.21 M M M M
6/30/2016 7:00 AM 0.05 M M M M
7/1/2016 7:00 AM 0.32 M M M M
7/2/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
7/3/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
7/4/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
7/5/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
7/6/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
7/7/2016 7:00 AM 0.26 M M M M
7/10/2016 7:00 AM 0.05 M M M M
7/16/2016 7:00 AM 0.19 M M M M
7/17/2016 7:00 AM 1.27 M M M M
7/21/2016 7:00 AM 0.01 M M M M
7/31/2016 7:00 AM 0.16 M M M M
8/2/2016 7:00 AM 1.13 M M M M
8/4/2016 7:00 AM 0.08 M M M M
8/5/2016 7:00 AM 2.78 M M M M
8/9/2016 7:00 AM 0.24 M M M M
8/10/2016 7:00 AM 0.04 M M M M
8/16/2016 7:00 AM 0.36 M M M M
8/19/2016 7:00 AM 0.95 M M M M
8/22/2016 7:00 AM 0.03 M M M M
8/23/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
9/1/2016 7:00 AM 0.07 M M M M
9/2/2016 6:30 AM 2.18 M M M M
9/3/2016 7:00 AM 3.05 M M M M
9/12/2016 7:00 AM 2.33 M M M M
9/13/2016 7:00 AM 1.41 M M M M
9/14/2016 7:00 AM 0.58 M M M M
9/15/2016 7:00 AM 0.03 M M M M
9/22/2016 7:00 AM 0.11 M M M M
9/24/2016 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M
9/30/2016 7:00 AM 0.31 M M M M



Start Date End Date & Time Duration in Days Precipitation Snow Depth Snow Depth SWE Notes



Observation Date Observation Time Notes Largest Stone Size Average Stone Size Smallest Stone Size Stone Consistency Duration Minutes Durration Accuracy Damage Timing More Rain than Hail Hail Started Largest Hail Started Angle of Impact Number of Stones on Pad Distance Between Stones on Pad Depth of Stones on Ground