Station Overview Station Location
Station Number OH-WN-1 Latitude 40.75209
Station Name Kidron 0.7 N Longitude -81.745947
County Wayne Elevation (ft) 1181



Month 30 Yr Avg by PRISM Total Prcp Sum Days Covered By All Observations Daily Prcp Sum Daily Observation Count Multiday Prcp Sum Days Covered by Multiday Observations Multiday Observation Count Days With Prcp Days With Trace Total Snowfall Days With Snowfall Days With Snow On Ground
Oct 19 2.76 3.73 31 3.73 31 0.00 0 0 8 0 0.0 0 0
Nov 19 3.09 2.57 26 2.57 26 0.00 0 0 8 0 0.0 0 2
Dec 19 2.79 1.22 18 1.22 18 0.00 0 0 10 1 4.0 5 5
Jan 20 2.44 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0
Feb 20 2.08 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0
March 20 2.79 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0
April 20 3.47 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0
May 20 4.25 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0
June 20 4.25 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0
July 20 4.15 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0
Aug 20 3.78 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0
Sept 20 3.29 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0
Water Year Totals: 39.14" 7.52" 75 days 7.52" 75 0.00" 0 days 0 26 days 1 days 4.0" 5 days 7 days



Days in Water Year Cell Color Key
        Daily Observation with Prcp         Missing Day
        Multiday Observation         Daily/Multiday Observation Conflict

Day of Year Daily Prcp Multiday Prcp
10/1/2019 0.98
10/2/2019 0.00
10/3/2019 0.00
10/4/2019 0.00
10/5/2019 0.00
10/6/2019 0.00
10/7/2019 0.94
10/8/2019 0.00
10/9/2019 0.00
10/10/2019 0.00
10/11/2019 0.00
10/12/2019 0.10
10/13/2019 0.00
10/14/2019 0.00
10/15/2019 0.00
10/16/2019 0.12
10/17/2019 0.26
10/18/2019 0.00
10/19/2019 0.00
10/20/2019 0.00
10/21/2019 0.00
10/22/2019 0.21
10/23/2019 0.00
10/24/2019 0.00
10/25/2019 0.00
10/26/2019 0.00
10/27/2019 0.77
10/28/2019 0.00
10/29/2019 0.00
10/30/2019 0.00
10/31/2019 0.35
11/1/2019 1.38
11/2/2019 0.00
11/3/2019 0.00
11/4/2019 0.00
11/5/2019 0.12
11/6/2019 0.06
11/7/2019
11/8/2019 0.11
11/9/2019 0.00
11/10/2019 0.00
11/11/2019
11/12/2019
11/13/2019 0.00
11/14/2019 0.00
11/15/2019 0.00
11/16/2019 0.00
11/17/2019 0.00
11/18/2019 0.00
11/19/2019 0.00
11/20/2019 0.00
11/21/2019 0.00
11/22/2019 0.08
11/23/2019 0.00
11/24/2019 0.50
11/25/2019 0.00
11/26/2019 0.00
11/27/2019 0.18
11/28/2019 0.14
11/29/2019 0.00
11/30/2019
12/1/2019 0.46
12/2/2019 0.12
12/3/2019 0.02
12/4/2019 0.02
12/5/2019 0.01
12/6/2019 0.00
12/7/2019
12/8/2019 0.00
12/9/2019
12/10/2019
12/11/2019 M
12/12/2019 0.05
12/13/2019 0.00
12/14/2019 0.14
12/15/2019 0.19
12/16/2019 0.05
12/17/2019 0.16
12/18/2019 T
12/19/2019 0.00
12/20/2019 0.00
12/21/2019
12/22/2019 0.00
12/23/2019
12/24/2019 0.00
12/25/2019
12/26/2019
12/27/2019
12/28/2019
12/29/2019
12/30/2019
12/31/2019
Day of YearDaily PrcpMultiday Prcp
1/1/2020
1/2/2020
1/3/2020
1/4/2020
1/5/2020
1/6/2020
1/7/2020
1/8/2020
1/9/2020
1/10/2020
1/11/2020
1/12/2020
1/13/2020
1/14/2020
1/15/2020
1/16/2020
1/17/2020
1/18/2020
1/19/2020
1/20/2020
1/21/2020
1/22/2020
1/23/2020
1/24/2020
1/25/2020
1/26/2020
1/27/2020
1/28/2020
1/29/2020
1/30/2020
1/31/2020
2/1/2020
2/2/2020
2/3/2020
2/4/2020
2/5/2020
2/6/2020
2/7/2020
2/8/2020
2/9/2020
2/10/2020
2/11/2020
2/12/2020
2/13/2020
2/14/2020
2/15/2020
2/16/2020
2/17/2020
2/18/2020
2/19/2020
2/20/2020
2/21/2020
2/22/2020
2/23/2020
2/24/2020
2/25/2020
2/26/2020
2/27/2020
2/28/2020
2/29/2020
3/1/2020
3/2/2020
3/3/2020
3/4/2020
3/5/2020
3/6/2020
3/7/2020
3/8/2020
3/9/2020
3/10/2020
3/11/2020
3/12/2020
3/13/2020
3/14/2020
3/15/2020
3/16/2020
3/17/2020
3/18/2020
3/19/2020
3/20/2020
3/21/2020
3/22/2020
3/23/2020
3/24/2020
3/25/2020
3/26/2020
3/27/2020
3/28/2020
3/29/2020
3/30/2020
3/31/2020
Day of YearDaily PrcpMultiday Prcp
4/1/2020
4/2/2020
4/3/2020
4/4/2020
4/5/2020
4/6/2020
4/7/2020
4/8/2020
4/9/2020
4/10/2020
4/11/2020
4/12/2020
4/13/2020
4/14/2020
4/15/2020
4/16/2020
4/17/2020
4/18/2020
4/19/2020
4/20/2020
4/21/2020
4/22/2020
4/23/2020
4/24/2020
4/25/2020
4/26/2020
4/27/2020
4/28/2020
4/29/2020
4/30/2020
5/1/2020
5/2/2020
5/3/2020
5/4/2020
5/5/2020
5/6/2020
5/7/2020
5/8/2020
5/9/2020
5/10/2020
5/11/2020
5/12/2020
5/13/2020
5/14/2020
5/15/2020
5/16/2020
5/17/2020
5/18/2020
5/19/2020
5/20/2020
5/21/2020
5/22/2020
5/23/2020
5/24/2020
5/25/2020
5/26/2020
5/27/2020
5/28/2020
5/29/2020
5/30/2020
5/31/2020
6/1/2020
6/2/2020
6/3/2020
6/4/2020
6/5/2020
6/6/2020
6/7/2020
6/8/2020
6/9/2020
6/10/2020
6/11/2020
6/12/2020
6/13/2020
6/14/2020
6/15/2020
6/16/2020
6/17/2020
6/18/2020
6/19/2020
6/20/2020
6/21/2020
6/22/2020
6/23/2020
6/24/2020
6/25/2020
6/26/2020
6/27/2020
6/28/2020
6/29/2020
6/30/2020
Day of YearDaily PrcpMultiday Prcp
7/1/2020
7/2/2020
7/3/2020
7/4/2020
7/5/2020
7/6/2020
7/7/2020
7/8/2020
7/9/2020
7/10/2020
7/11/2020
7/12/2020
7/13/2020
7/14/2020
7/15/2020
7/16/2020
7/17/2020
7/18/2020
7/19/2020
7/20/2020
7/21/2020
7/22/2020
7/23/2020
7/24/2020
7/25/2020
7/26/2020
7/27/2020
7/28/2020
7/29/2020
7/30/2020
7/31/2020
8/1/2020
8/2/2020
8/3/2020
8/4/2020
8/5/2020
8/6/2020
8/7/2020
8/8/2020
8/9/2020
8/10/2020
8/11/2020
8/12/2020
8/13/2020
8/14/2020
8/15/2020
8/16/2020
8/17/2020
8/18/2020
8/19/2020
8/20/2020
8/21/2020
8/22/2020
8/23/2020
8/24/2020
8/25/2020
8/26/2020
8/27/2020
8/28/2020
8/29/2020
8/30/2020
8/31/2020
9/1/2020
9/2/2020
9/3/2020
9/4/2020
9/5/2020
9/6/2020
9/7/2020
9/8/2020
9/9/2020
9/10/2020
9/11/2020
9/12/2020
9/13/2020
9/14/2020
9/15/2020
9/16/2020
9/17/2020
9/18/2020
9/19/2020
9/20/2020
9/21/2020
9/22/2020
9/23/2020
9/24/2020
9/25/2020
9/26/2020
9/27/2020
9/28/2020
9/29/2020
9/30/2020



Observation Date Observation Time Precipitation Snowfall Snowfall SWE Snow Depth Snow SWE Notes
10/1/2019 7:00 AM 0.98 M M M M Overcast and calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature of 68 degrees, dew point of 67 and a slightly rising barometer from 30.17 inches.
10/2/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Cloudy and calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature of 69 degrees, dew point of 64 and a nearly steady barometer at 30.05 inches.
10/3/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Cloudy and calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature and dew point of 68 degrees and a falling barometer from 30.05 inches.
10/4/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Cloudy and calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature of 55 degrees, dew point of 50 and a rising barometer from 30.29 inches.
10/5/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Clear with a very light east wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature of 42 degrees, dew point of 40 and a falling barometer from 30.34 inches.
10/6/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Overcast and calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature of 59 degrees, dew point of 54 and a rising barometer from 30.16 inches.
10/7/2019 7:00 AM 0.94 M M M M Overcast and calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature and dew point of 53 degrees and a rising barometer from 30.25 inches.
10/8/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Clear and calm at 7:009 a.m. with a temperature and dew point of 42 degrees and a rising barometer from 30.35 inches.
10/9/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Clear and calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature and dew point of 44 degrees and a rising barometer from 30.32 inches.
10/10/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Clear and calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature of 48 degrees, dew point of 45 and a rising barometer from 30.30 inches.
10/11/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Clear with an east-southeast wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature of 54 degrees, dew point of 51 and a steady barometer at 30.20 inches.
10/12/2019 7:00 AM 0.10 M M M M Overcast with a light northwest wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature and dew point of 43 degrees and a rising barometer from 30.12 inches.
10/13/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Clear and calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature of 40 degrees, dew point of 34 and an unsteady barometer at 30.12 inches.
10/14/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Clear and calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature of 41 degrees, dew point of 38 and a rising barometer at 30.08 inches.
10/15/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Clear and calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature of 40 degrees, dew point of 38 and a steady barometer at 30.22 inches.
10/16/2019 7:45 AM 0.12 M M M M Overcast with a little light rain at both 7:00 a.m. and 7:45 a.m. Temperature is 47 degrees, dew point is 46 degrees, and the barometer is 29.77 inches and beginning to rise.
10/17/2019 7:00 AM 0.26 M M M M Overcast with a gusty northwest wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature of 42 degrees, dew point of 39 and a rising barometer from 29.90 inches.
10/18/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Clear and calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature of 38 degrees, dew point of 37 and a rising barometer from 30.13 inches.
10/19/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Clear and calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature of 36 degrees, dew point of 35 and and unsteady barometer at 30.11 inches.
10/20/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Mostly cloudy and calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature of 47 degrees, dew point of 44 and a nearly steady barometer at 29.95 inches.
10/21/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Clear and calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature of 52 degrees, dew point of 51 and a rising barometer at 30.08 inches.
10/22/2019 7:00 AM 0.21 M M M M Overcast and calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature and dew point of 58 degrees and a rising barometer from 29.86 inches.
10/23/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Clear with a light west wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature of 43 degrees, dew point of 39 and a rising barometer from 30.06 inches.
10/24/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Overcast with a very light west wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature of 48 degrees, dew point of 32 and a nearly steady barometer at 30.25 inches.
10/25/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Overcast and calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature of 47 degrees, dew point of 45 and a steady barometer at 30.37 inches.
10/26/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Overcast with a very light east wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature and dew point of 45 degrees and an unsteady barometer at 30.27 inches.
10/27/2019 7:00 AM 0.77 M M M M Overcast with a gusty west wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature of 58 degrees, dew point of 52 and a rising barometer from 29.74 inches.
10/28/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Clear and calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature and dew point of 41 degrees and a steady barometer at 30.20 inches.
10/29/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Partly cloudy and calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature of 52 degrees, dew point of 49 and a rising barometer from 30.16 inches.
10/30/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Overcast and calm at 7:00 am. with a temperature and dew point of 50 degrees and a nearly steady barometer of 30.30 inches.
10/31/2019 7:00 AM 0.35 M M M M Overcast with a little light rain at 7:00 a.m., a temperature and dew point of 60 degrees and a falling barometer from 29.82 inches.
11/1/2019 7:00 AM 1.38 M M M M Overcast with a still gusty northwest wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature of 32 degrees, dew point of 28 and a rising barometer from 30.27 inches. Growing season has now ended here.
11/2/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Overcast and nearly calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature of 34 degrees, dew point of 26 and a falling barometer from 30.23 inches.
11/3/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Clear with a light west wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature of 32 degrees, dew point of 26 and a rising barometer from 30.24 inches.
11/4/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Mostly cloudy with a somewhat gusty south wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature of 40 degrees, dew point of 27 and an unsteady barometer at 30.21 inches.
11/5/2019 7:00 AM 0.12 M M M M Overcast with a little light rain and a light southwest wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature of 44 degrees, dew point of 43 and a rising barometer from 30.22 inches.
11/6/2019 7:00 AM 0.06 M M M M Partly cloudy, calm and frosty at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature of 29 degrees, dew point of 26 and a nearly steady barometer at 30.48 inches.
11/8/2019 7:00 AM 0.11 M M M M Clear with a light northwest wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature of 21 degrees, dew point of 17 and a rising barometer from 30.41 inches.
11/9/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Partly cloudy and calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature of 25 degrees, dew point of 17 and a nearly steady barometer at 30.28 inches.
11/10/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Overcast with a light southwest wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature of 38 degrees, dew point of 26 and a rising barometer from 30.08 inches.
11/13/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M 1.5 M Clear and calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature of 10 degrees, dew point of 8 and a nearly steady barometer at 30.45 inches.
11/14/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M 0.5 M Overcast with a light southwest wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature of 27 degrees, dew point of 24 and a steady barometer at 30.25 inches.
11/15/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M T M Overcast with a light northwest wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature of 26 degrees, dew point of 24 and a rising barometer from 30.36 inches.
11/16/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Overcast with a very light east wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature of 31 degrees, dew point of 26 and a rising barometer from 30.45 inches.
11/17/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Clear with a light east wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature of 26 degrees, dew point of 10 and a slowly falling barometer from 30.23 inches.
11/18/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Overcast and calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature of 33 degrees, dew point of 31 and a nearly steady barometer at 29.87 inches.
11/19/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Overcast and calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature of 37 degrees, dew point of 35 and a slowly rising barometer from 29.88 inches.
11/20/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Overcast and calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature and dew point of 34 degrees and a rising barometer from 30.19 inches.
11/21/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Clear and calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature of 33 degrees, dew point of 31 and a falling barometer from 30.25 inches.
11/22/2019 7:00 AM 0.08 M M M M Overcast with a light northwest wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature and dew point of 39 degrees and a rising barometer from 30.03 inches.
11/23/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Overcast and calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature of 26 degrees, dew point of 24 and a falling barometer from 30.06 inches.
11/24/2019 7:00 AM 0.50 M M M M Clear with a light northwest wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature of 31 degrees, dew point of 30 and a slightly rising barometer from 29.77 inches.
11/25/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Overcast with a light south wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature of 36 degrees, dew point of 34 degrees and a slightly falling barometer from 29.84 inches.
11/26/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Clear with a light southwest wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature of 41 degrees,dew point of 36 and a slightly ri\sing barometer from 29.98 inches.
11/27/2019 7:00 AM 0.18 M M M M Overcast with a light southerly wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature of 47 degrees, dew point of 47 and a falling barometer from 29.70 inches.
11/28/2019 7:00 AM 0.14 M M M M Overcast with a light to moderate northwest wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature of 34 degrees, dew point of 29 and a rising barometer from 30.32 inches.
11/29/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Overcast and calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature of 33 degrees, dew point of 30 and a slowly falling barometyer from 30.44 inches.
12/1/2019 7:00 AM 0.46 M M M M Overcast with a light southeast wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature and dew point of 42 degrees and a falling barometer from 29.48 inches.
12/2/2019 7:00 AM 0.12 M M M M Overcast with a light west wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature of 34 degrees, dew point of 33 and a rising barometer from 29.73 inches.
12/3/2019 7:00 AM 0.02 0.1 M T M Overcast with a light northwest wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature of 29 degrees, dew point of 27 and a nearly steady barometer at 29.97 inches.
12/4/2019 7:00 AM 0.02 0.2 M T M Overcast with light snow at 7:00 a.m., a temperature of 32 degrees, dew point of 30 and a steady barometer at 29.65 inches.
12/5/2019 7:00 AM 0.01 T M T M Overcast with a light northwest wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature of 32 degrees, dew point of 27 and a rising barometer from 30.02 inches.
12/6/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Overcast with a southwest wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature of 39 degrees, dew point of 28 and a very salowly falling barometer from 30.06 inches.
12/8/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Partly cloudy with a light southeast wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature of 29 degrees, dew point of 21 and a falling barometer from 30.27 inches.
12/11/2019 7:00 AM M M M M M Mostly cloudy with a light southwest wind, a temperature of 17 degrees, dew point of 10 and a rising barometer from 30.41 inches. {EDIT: Observer reported 0.94 for new precip. This is high compared to QPE data and surrounding reports and appears to be a multi-day report. Changed report of 0.94 to NA until observer can be contacted to verify. Submission Time Before EDIT: 12/11/2019 7:08 AM CoCoSTAFF DNT}
12/12/2019 7:00 AM 0.05 1.2 M 1.0 M Mostly cloudy and nearly calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature of 15 degrees, dew point of 13 and a nearly steady barometer at 29.64 inches.
12/13/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Clear with a light southeast wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature of 30 degrees, dew point of 19 and a falling barometer from 30.22 inches.
12/14/2019 7:00 AM 0.14 M M M M Overcast with light rain at 7:00 a.m., a temperature of 34 degrees, dew point of 34 and a barometer just beginning to rise from 29.66 inches.
12/15/2019 7:00 AM 0.19 1.0 M M M Overcast with a gusty northwest wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature of 29 degrees, dew point of 26 and a rising barometer from 30.02 inches.
12/16/2019 7:00 AM 0.05 1.5 M 1.5 M Overcast with a very light east wind at 7:00 a.m., a temperature and dew point of 27 degrees and a slightly rising barometer from 30.20 inches.
12/17/2019 7:00 AM 0.16 T M 1.0 M Overcast with a little fine freezing drizzle at 7:00 a.m., a temperature an dew point of 31 degrees and an unsteady barometer at 29.92 inches.
12/18/2019 7:00 AM T T M 0.5 M Overcast with a light west-northwest wind, a temperature of 23 degrees, dew point of 21 and a rising barometer from 30.08 inches.
12/19/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M 0.5 M Clear and calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature of 8 degrees, dew point of 4 and a rising barometer from 30.47 inches.
12/20/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M T M Clear and calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature of 16 degrees, dew point of 14 and a rising barometer from 30.59 inches.
12/22/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Mostly clear and calm at 7:00 a.m. with a temperature of 32 degrees, dew point of 28 and a nearly steady barometer at 30.41 inches.
12/24/2019 7:00 AM 0.00 0.0 M M M Dense fog with a temperature and dew point of 29 at 7:00 a.m. and a nearly steady barometer at 30.20 inches.



Start Date End Date & Time Duration in Days Precipitation Snow Depth Snow Depth SWE Notes



Observation Date Observation Time Notes Largest Stone Size Average Stone Size Smallest Stone Size Stone Consistency Duration Minutes Durration Accuracy Damage Timing More Rain than Hail Hail Started Largest Hail Started Angle of Impact Number of Stones on Pad Distance Between Stones on Pad Depth of Stones on Ground